Table 4.

Infection prevalence and its main features [8, 41, 52, 53]

Underlying disease/condition	Percent of patients with zygomycosis	The most common form of infection	Mechanism and predisposing factors
Hematological malignancy	11–17	Pulmonary; disseminated	Neutropenia, voriconazole prophylaxis
HSCT recipients	1, 2–5	Rhinocerebral; pulmonary	Steroid prophylaxis for GvsH disease, neutropenia, voriconazole prophylaxis
Diabetes mellitus	17–36 (74)	Rhinocerebral, sinus	Acidosis—increasing iron level acidosis and hyperglycemia—has a negative impact on neutrophil chemotaxins and phagocytic activity
Solid organ transplantation	(0.6) 7–13, 23	Pulmonary, liver, and other transplant organ	Transplant contamination
Deferoxamine therapy	1–6	Disseminated, pulmonary	Increasing iron level
Burns, trauma in accident	13–20	Cutaneous, even 40 % of infections are disseminated	Disruption of skin barrier (spore inoculation)
Malnourished patients	3	Gastrointestinal	Digestion of the fungi
(Premature) neonates	3–21	Gastrointestinal