Serum cytokine analyses in patients with HHH. a Serum cytokine levels in patients with HHH. Serum was collected from the right atrium of each deceased patient and stored at −80 °C until analysis. The cytokine levels were measured by flow cytometry. Grey bars represent data derived from HHH patients, and open bars represent data from non-HHH patients. The data are shown by a box and whisker plot. X’s indicate statistical outliers. b Correlation coefficients among inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in HHH patients. Data represent the square of the correlation coefficient value. *, **, ***, ****, and ***** indicate statistically significant differences with p values <0.01, <10−5, <10−6, <10−7, and <10−10, respectively. HHH, histiocytic hyperplasia of hemophagocytosis; ns, not significant