Fig. 1.

Experimental protocols. a Protocol for intranasal administration of Poly(I:C) or saline. Mice received three intranasal administrations of Poly(I:C) or saline, once every 24 h, and were sacrificed at 8 h, 3, 9 and 24 days after the first administration (n = 3/group). b Protocol for examination of phospho-IRF-3(Ser 396) expression by western blot.The olfactory mucosae of the ethmoturbinates were harvested 8 h after single intranasal administration of Poly(I:C) or saline. c Protocol for measurement of MIP-2 levels by ELISA. The olfactory mucosae of the ethmoturbinates were harvested 12 h after single intranasal administration of Poly(I:C) or saline (n = 4/group). d Protocol for behavioral testing. We performed an olfactory habituation/dishabituation test before and 9 days after the intranasal administration of Poly(I:C) in the same mice (n = 5). e Protocol for administration of Poly(I:C) and Sivelestat. Mice received intraperitoneal administration of Sivelestat or saline 30 min before and 12 h after every intranasal administration of Poly(I:C) or saline and were sacrificed at 3 and 9 days after the first administration of Poly(I:C) (n = 3/group). f Protocol for administration of cyclophosphamide and Poly(I:C). Mice received intraperitoneal injections of cyclophosphamide or saline twice every other day. After the final injection, mice were administered Poly(I:C) or saline intranasally three times every 24 h and were sacrificed at 3 and 9 days after the first administration (n = 3/group)