Table 4.
Baseline characteristics and assessment scores of assisted living residents
| Characteristic | Reasoning Exercises in Assisted Living group | VITAMIN group | CONTROL group |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (standard deviation) | 86 (5.9) | 83 (10.5) | 86 (4.8) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 12 (41%) | 6 (21%) | 11 (34%) |
| Female | 17 (59%) | 22 (79%) | 21 (66%) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Black | 1 (3%) | 1 (4%) | 0 |
| White | 28 (97%) | 27 (96%) | 32 (100%) |
| Married | 5 (17%) | 4 (14%) | 12 (38%) |
| Education, years, mean (standard deviation) | 13.30 (2.6) | 15.65 (1.8) | 13.56 (2.4) |
| Mini Mental State Examination score, mean (standard deviation) | 25.6 (2.7) | 25.7 (2.7) | 24.7 (3.1) |
| Modified Mini Mental Status score, mean (standard deviation) | 85.14 (9.5) | 84.29 (9.9) | 83.91 (10.4) |
| Every Day Problems Test for Cognitively Challenged Elders score, mean (standard deviation) | 12.69 (7.6) | 18.00 (8.3) | 13.34 (8.1) |
| Direct Assessment of Functional Status score, mean (standard deviation) | 93.41 (7.7) | 94.14 (6.4) | 93.94 (6.5) |
| Modified Cumulative Illness Rating Scale score, mean (standard deviation) | 25.7 (4.1) | 24.4 (4.0) | 25.8 (4.2) |
| Patient Health Questionnaire score, mean (standard deviation) | 2.76 (3.5) | 4.07 (4.7) | 3.03 (3.4) |