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. 2014 Jun 25;9:3077–3090. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S59302

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© 2014 Wang et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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Cytotoxicity of DVDMS-mediated sonodynamic therapy in ECA-109 cells (A), MDA-MB-231 cells (B), and HEK-293 cells (C).

Notes: Cell viability was measured by MTT assay 4 hours after sonodynamic therapy. DVDMS, 4 μM DVDMS alone; Ultrasound, 3 minutes of ultrasound irradiation alone; S1, cells treated with 4 μM DVDMS plus one minute of ultrasound irradiation; S2, cells treated with 4 μM DVDMS plus 2 minutes of ultrasound irradiation; S3, cells treated with 4 μM DVDMS plus 3 minutes of ultrasound irradiation. All data are expressed as a percentage of untreated cells, and error bars represent the standard deviations of the means of three independent experiments. *P<0.05 and ^#P<0.01 versus untreated cells.

Abbreviations: DVDMS, sinoporphyrin sodium; MTT, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetra zolium bromide tetrazolium.