Figure 4. TGF-β signalling contributes to hyperoside-induced osteoblastic differentiation.

(a, b) U2OS and MG63 cells were treated with 150 µg/ml hyperoside for 0–7 days. Total RNA was extracted and subjected to real-time PCR amplification of the indicated transcripts. Expression levels were normalised to those of GAPDH. (c) U2OS cells were treated with 150 µg/ml hyperoside for 0–7 days, and an immunoblotting assay using an anti-Smad2, anti-p-Smad2, anti-Smad3, anti-p-Smad3 or anti-GAPDH antibody was performed.