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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: IUBMB Life. 2013 Jul 11;65(8):692–698. doi: 10.1002/iub.1187

FIG 3.

FIG 3

Leptin–melanocortin pathway in obesity-induced hypertension. Schematic representation of the interactions of obesity, leptin and melanocortin system. LRs, leptin receptors; (±), stimulation or attenuation; POMC, pro-opiomelanocortin; α-MSH, alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone; MC4R, melanocortin-4 receptor; ARC, arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus; PVN, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus; LH, lateral hypothalamus; NTS, nucleus of the tractus solitarius; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; BP, blood pressure; HR, heart rate. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.]