Table 2.
Comparison of twin-, genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA)-, and polygenic risk score (PRS)-estimates of heritability at 4 and 10 years
| Twin study estimate of heritability (95% CI)a | GCTA estimate of genetic influence (95% CI) | Association (R2) between PRS and BMI-SDS (95% CI)bc | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BMI-SDS age 4 | 0.43 (0.35-0.53) | 0.20 (−0.21 to 0.61) | 0.010 (4.3 e−09 to 0.042) |
| BMI-SDS age 10 | 0.82 (0.74-0.88) | 0.29 (0.01 to 0.57) | 0.034 (0.009-0.093) |
a
Twin-estimated heritability was significantly higher at age 10 compared to age 4.
b
Bootstrapping was used to test the difference in the association (R2Δ) between the PRS and age- and sex-adjusted BMI-SDS at 4 and 10 years.
c
R2 estimate at age 10 was significantly greater than at age 4 (R2Δ=0.024, 95% CI = 0.002–0.078).