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. 2014 Jun 26;7:99. doi: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-99

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Copyright © 2014 Angermayr et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Schematic representation of the (modified) central carbon metabolism of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. The heterologous overexpression of a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) allows direct conversion of CO₂ into lactic acid. Overexpression of pyruvate kinase (PK) and the partial knockout of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC) lead to an increase in lactic acid flux.