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. 2014 Jul 2;5:305. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00305

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Copyright © 2014 Marras, Bozzano, Ascierto and De Maria.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Different levels and modulation of natural cytotoxicity receptors on NK cells may lead to different outcomes in the fight against invading intracellular pathogens. The figure indicates possible alternate patterns of NK cell NCR expression/induction upon infection with a pathogen. In the upper row, the case for high basal expression is shown, leading to receptor inactivation and progressive infection. In the lower row, the case of a low/inducible NCR expression is shown, with inducibility upon strong challenge with successful control of the pathogen. The hypothesis considers a spectrum of intermediate conditions (not shown here).