Table 4.
Summary of published measures of effect and critical appraisal grade for studies that assessed indoor exposure.
| References | Time of Exposure | Outcome | Main Results OR (95% CI) | Covariates | CASPgrade |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [27] | 1st trimester | SAB (n = 136) | non users vs. 0.07 μT vs. 0.08 μT | None adjustment | 4/9 |
| OR 1.00 vs. 0.92 95% CI (0.58–1.47) vs. 0.98 95% CI (0.58–1.64) | |||||
| [25] | 1st trimester | SAB (n = 91) | <0.4 μT vs. 0.4–0.9 μT vs. >0.9 μT | Use of video display terminals, hours of use per week, quantity of work, frequency of technical breakdowns in automatic data processing devices, exposure to organic solvents, number of previous births, previous spontaneous abortions, use of an intrauterine device | 5/9 |
| OR 1.0 vs. 1.9 95% CI (0.9–3.9) vs. 3.4 95% CI (1.4–8.6) | |||||
| [24] | Not specific trimester exposure | Pregnancy loss (n = 89) | Magnetic field exposure (A/m) | Smoking | 6/9 |
| Front door value < 0.2 vs. ≥ 0.2 | |||||
| OR 1.11 95% CI (0.6 to 2.3) | |||||
| Average < 0.2 vs. ≥ 0.2 | |||||
| OR 5.44 95% CI (1.1 to 28) | |||||
| [26] | Not specific trimester exposure | Measured magnetic fields- Spot measurements | None | 5/9 | |
| ≥2 mT vs. <2 mT | |||||
| Miscarriage OR 0.8 95% CI (0.3 to 2.3) | |||||
| Low birth weight OR 0.3 95% CI (0.0 to 2.4) | |||||
| Preterm delivery OR 0.7 95% CI (0.1 to 4.0) | |||||
| [28] | At conception, at ≤16 weeks, or 3rd trimester | LBW IUGR LBW IUGR |
24-h home EMDEX monitor (mG) | Maternal religion, race, height, weight, gravity, age, work in pregnancy, third trimester smoking, caffeine consumption | 8/10 |
| <1.0 vs. 1.0–1.9 vs. ≥2.0 | |||||
| Referent vs. 0.94 (0.24–3.61) vs. not estimable | |||||
| Referent vs. 0.79 (0.32–1.92) vs. 0.62 (0.16–2.31) | |||||
| 7-day personal AMEX monitor (mG) | |||||
| <1.0 vs. 1.0–1.9 vs. ≥2.0 | |||||
| Referent vs. 0.65 (0.15–2.88) vs. 1.35 (0.30–6.11) | |||||
| Referent vs. 0.40 (0.14–1.15) vs. 1.16 (0.43–3.11) | |||||
| [17] | 1st, 2nd, 3rd trimester | Birth weight (grams) | No risk reported | None adjustment | 4/9 |
| [36] | 30th week of pregnancy | SAB (n = 155) | Measured fields 24 h | Maternal age, gestation at interview, coffee consumption around conception, income, race, and each of the other personal 24-h exposures (excluding total 24-h) | 6/9 |
| ≥2 mG vs. <2 mG | |||||
| Home: OR 0.8 95% CI (0.2–3.5) | |||||
| Work: OR 0.7 95% CI (0.3–1.5) | |||||
| Total: 24-h OR 1.0 95% CI (0.5–2.1) | |||||
| Front door spot: OR 1.2 95% CI (0.6–2.5) | |||||
| Inside spots: OR 1.1 95% CI (0.5–2.2) | |||||
| Time-weighted average | |||||
| <0.72 vs. 0.72–0.93 vs. 0.93–1.28 vs. >1.28 | |||||
| OR 1.0 vs. OR 1.7 95% CI (0.9–3.3) vs. OR 1.7 95% CI (0.9–3.3) vs. OR 1.7 95% CI (0.9–3.2) | |||||
| Maximum value (mG) | |||||
| <14.31 vs. 14.31–23.42 vs. 23.42–35.05 vs. >35.05 | |||||
| OR 1.0 vs. OR 1.4 95% CI (0.7–2.8) vs. OR 1.9 95% CI (1.0–3.5) vs. OR 2.3 95% CI (1.2–4.4) | |||||
| [37] | 1st trimester | SAB (n = 159) | Measured fields 24 h | Previous miscarriage, education, maternal age, gravidity, race, smoking since last menstrual period | 6/9 |
| <16 mG vs. ≥16 mG | |||||
| RR 1.8 95% CI (1.2–2.7) | |||||
| Total sum of exposure over 16 mG in tertiles | |||||
| 160–1,079 vs. 1,080–4,759 vs. ≥ 4,760 mG | |||||
| RR 1.7 95% CI (1.1–2.8) vs. RR 1.8 95% CI (1.1–2.9) vs. RR 2.0 95% CI (1.2–3.17) |
Notes: Abbreviations: SAB: spontaneous abortion, LBW: low birth weight, IUGR: intrauterine growth restricted.