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. 2014 Jun 18;11(6):6335–6353. doi: 10.3390/ijerph110606335

Table 2.

Validated framework for evaluating hospital disaster resilience (adapted by the authors from [10]).

Construct of Measurable Items
Factor 1: Emergency Medicine Response Capability
Domain 1: Emergency Services and Surge Capacity (Include On-site Rescue, Hospital Treatment, and Surge Capacity)
  1. The quantity and types of equipment for on-site rescue

  2. Equipment for referral and counter-referral (i.e., transferring patients from or between places of medical treatment ) of special patients

  3. Communication equipment for on-site rescue

  4. Emergency medical treatment places and capability for different types of diseases

  5. The types and quantity of hospital emergency medical treatment equipment

  6. Hospital internal rapid assessment (e.g., evaluate the loss of manpower, beds, equipment after disasters)

  7. Hospital mass-casualty triage protocol

  8. The procedures to identify, prioritize, and maintain essential functions (e.g., cancellation of elective admissions, early discharge of patients, making new medical quality standards during disasters, extra protection for vulnerable population)

  9. Surge capacity of emergency beds (the surge rapidity, proportion and strategies for emergency space, emergency beds)

  10. Surge capacity of emergency resources (the surge rapidity, proportion and strategies for emergency equipment, medication and resource)

  11. Surge capacity of emergency staff (the surge rapidity, proportion and strategies for emergency staff)

Domain 2: Emergency Staff Capability (Refer to Emergency Staff Specialties, Qualifications and Supporting Strategies)
  • 12.

    Staff composition of emergency expert group for different types of events

  • 13.

    Staff composition of emergency expatriate team (i.e., send experts or emergency staff to support on-site rescue, or local hospital treatment) for different types of events

  • 14.

    Staff protection and resilient support (e.g., insurance, immunization, psychosocial support)

Domain 3: Emergency Training and Drills (Disaster Training and Drills Involved in Hospital Daily Work)
  • 15.

    Training for different incident types (e.g., natural disasters, epidemics, and bioterrorism)

  • 16.

    The percentage of key staff for training

  • 17.

    The contents of training (e.g., triage, emergency health treatment, disaster management knowledge)

  • 18.

    The frequency of training

  • 19.

    Different incident types for drills

  • 20.

    The methods for implementing drills (e.g., desktop drill, community-wide drill)

  • 21.

    The frequency of drills

Factor 2: Disaster Management Mechanisms
Domain 4: Emergency Command, Communication and Cooperation System
  • 22.

    Incident command system for disaster management (e.g., establishment of the disaster committee or responsible department)

  • 23.

    The crisis cooperation within hospitals

  • 24.

    The crisis communication and cooperation with community facilities (e.g., other hospital facilities, government offices, and police, fire department, the media, and the public)

Domain 5: Disaster Plans (Plans to Prepare All-hazards Disasters in Advance)
  • 25.

    Plans for different kinds of disasters (for different single risk)

  • 26.

    The staff coverage of disaster plans within hospitals

  • 27.

    The period of evaluating and revising the plan

  • 28.

    The plan initiation (e.g., the rapidity for staff, equipment can be in place when initiating the plan)

  • 29.

    The extent to which the plan can be executed

  • 30.

    Different and flexible responsive procedures for different disaster levels and phases (i.e., classification response system for different levels and phases of disasters)

Domain 6: Recovery and Adaptation Strategies (for Recovery and Improvement after Disasters)
  • 31.

    Hospital reconstruction and recovery mechanisms (e.g., responsible department, reconstruction support)

  • 32.

    The strategies for community health recovery

  • 33.

    The content of the after disaster evaluation report (e.g., vulnerability analysis, risk reassessment, capability analysis)

  • 34.

    The adaptation strategies after disasters (i.e., to adapt to a better state to cope with future disasters)

Factor 3: Disaster Resources
Domain 7: Disaster Stockpiles and Logistics Management (Stockpile and Management of Emergency Supplies and Medications)
  • 35.

    Stock types and quantity for different emergency supplies (e.g., clean water, food, blood, emergency medical suppliers, portable medical equipment, ventilators and etc.)

  • 36.

    The strategies for management of emergency resources (e.g., logistics and distribution, contracts with suppliers and other hospitals, adjusted standards for their usage)

  • 37.

    Stock types and quantity for essential medications for various disasters (e.g., antimicrobial agents, cardiac medications, insulin, anti-hypertensive agents, IV fluids, etc.)

  • 38.

    Strategies for management of medications (e.g., drug-distribution plans, drug management policy)

Factor 4: Hospital Infrastructral Safety
Domain 8: Hospital Safety Standard and Procedures (Refer to Hospital Infrastructural Safety, Surveillance System, and Network Backup)
  • 39.

    The safety standard for hospital’s critical infrastructures to meet of high risks (e.g., for earthquakes, floods, fires, and isolation for infectious diseases)

  • 40.

    Evaluation of hospital risks and vulnerabilities before disasters (e.g., hospital vulnerability assessment, risk assessment, the strategy to evacuate and protect existing patients)

  • 41.

    The surveillance events (e.g., abnormity in admission diagnosis, surveillance of emergency room patients and death with unknown causes)

  • 42.

    Analysis, report and sharing of surveillance information

  • 43.

    The alternative hospital networks for emergency backup (e.g., power, water, oxygen and telecommunication)

Note: The key indicators were derived from the included studies [3,22,23,25,26,27,43,44,45,46].