Table I.
Demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Characteristic | Total no. | HPV+ | HPV− | P-value | p16INK4a overexpression | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
||||||
| n=47 | n=103 | (+) n=30 | (-) n=120 | ||||
| Gender, n (%)* | |||||||
| Male | 127 | 38 (29.9) | 89 (70.1) | 0.381 | 24 (18.9) | 103 (81.1) | 0.408 |
| Female | 23 | 9 (39.1) | 14 (60.9) | 6 (26.1) | 17 (73.9) | ||
| Age (years) | |||||||
| Mean | 64.1 | 62.6 | 64.8 | 0.286 | 61.8 | 64.7 | 0.216 |
| Range | 28–89 | 39–89 | 28–83 | 39–89 | 28–86 | ||
| ≤50, n (%) | 20 | 9 (45.9) | 11 (55.0) | 0.157 | 7 (35.0) | 13 (65.0) | 0.128 |
| >50, n (%) | 130 | 38 (29.2) | 92 (70.8) | 23 (17.7) | 107 (82.3) | ||
| Smoking, n (%)a | 0.066 | 0.097 | |||||
| Never | 30 | 14 (46.7) | 16 (53.3) | 10 (33.3) | 20 (66.7) | ||
| ≤400 | 21 | 8 (38.1) | 13 (61.9) | 5 (23.8) | 16 (76.2) | ||
| >400 | 99 | 25 (25.3) | 74 (74.7) | 15 (15.2) | 84 (84.8) | ||
| Alcohol use, n (%)b | 0.592 | 0.138 | |||||
| Never | 25 | 10 (40.0) | 15 (60.0) | 6 (24.0) | 19 (76.0) | ||
| ≤50 | 51 | 15 (29.4) | 36 (70.6) | 14 (27.5) | 37 (72.5) | ||
| >50 | 74 | 22 (29.7) | 52 (70.3) | 10 (13.5) | 64 (86.5) | ||
| T classification, n (%) | 0.089 | 0.052 | |||||
| T1 | 18 | 2 (11.1) | 16 (88.9) | 1 (5.6) | 17 (94.4) | ||
| T2 | 58 | 22 (37.9) | 36 (62.1) | 17 (29.3) | 41 (70.7) | ||
| T3 | 41 | 10 (24.4) | 31 (75.6) | 5 (12.2) | 36 (87.8) | ||
| T4 | 33 | 13 (39.4) | 20 (60.6) | 7 (21.2) | 26 (78.8) | ||
| Node status, n (%) | |||||||
| N0 or N1 | 83 | 24 (28.9) | 59 (71.1) | 0.477 | 17 (20.5) | 66 (79.5) | 0.870 |
| N2 or N3 | 67 | 23 (34.3) | 44 (65.7) | 13 (19.4) | 54 (80.5) | ||
| TNM stage, n (%) | |||||||
| Early (I and II) | 42 | 9 (21.4) | 33 (78.6) | 0.103 | 8 (19.0) | 34 (81.0) | 0.856 |
| Advanced (III and IV) | 108 | 38 (35.2) | 70 (64.8) | 22 (20.4) | 86 (79.6) | ||
| Differentiation, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.030 | |||||
| Well | 68 | 13 (19.1) | 55 (80.9) | 8 (42.1) | 11 (57.9) | ||
| Moderate | 63 | 21 (33.3) | 42 (66.7) | 12 (19.0) | 51 (81.0) | ||
| Poor | 19 | 13 (68.4) | 6 (31.6) | 10 (14.7) | 58 (85.3) | ||
| Tumor location, n (%) | 0.017 | 0.002 | |||||
| Hypopharynx | 39 | 7 17.9) | 32 (82.1) | 3 (7.7) | 36 (92.3) | ||
| Oropharynx | 53 | 25 (47.2) | 28 (52.8) | 20 (37.7) | 33 (62.3) | ||
| Oral cavity | 24 | 8 (33.3) | 16 (66.7) | 2 (8.3) | 22 (91.7) | ||
| Larynx | 24 | 4 (16.7) | 20 (83.3) | 3 (12.5) | 21 (87.5) | ||
| Nasopharynx | 10 | 3 (30.0) | 7 (70.0) | 2 (20.0) | 8 (80.0) | ||
a
Brinkman index: daily cigarettes x years.
b
Light drinker ≤50 g alcohol/day; Heavy drinker >50 g alcohol/day. HPV, human papillomavirus.