Table 4. Factors associated with reporting respiratory symptoms in the last week.
| N | N ≥1 symptom (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI)+ | p-value | |
| SOCIAL GATHERINGS | ||||||
| Non-mixers | 8214 | 3561 (43.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Occasional mixers | 8461 | 3913 (46.3) | 1.12 (1.05, 1.20) | <0.001 | 1.37 (1.27, 1.47) | <0.001 |
| Frequent mixers | 1130 | 601(53.1) | 1.48 (1.30, 1.69) | <0.001 | 2.25 (1.95, 2.61) | <0.001 |
| NUMBER of PEOPLE PER ROOM | ||||||
| 0.125–1.6 | 4598 | 2116 (46.0%) | 1 | n/a | ||
| 1.6–2.33 | 4727 | 2101 (44.4%) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.03) | 0.203 | ||
| 2.33–3.14 | 3969 | 1735 (43.7%) | 0.91 (0.82, 1.01) | 0.078 | ||
| 3.14–17 | 4386 | 2081 (47.5%) | 1.05 (0.95, 1.17) | 0.276 | ||
| NUMBER of PEOPLE PER BEDROOM (cleaned <2sd) | ||||||
| 1–2 | 8461 | 3819 (45.1) | 1 | n/a | ||
| 3 | 3567 | 1712 (48.0) | 1.12 (1.02, 1.22) | 0.010 | ||
| 4 | 2537 | 1142 (45.0) | 0.99 (0.90, 1.10) | 0.924 | ||
| >4 | 3010 | 1322 (43.9) | 0.95 (0.86, 1.05) | 0.330 | ||
| NUMBER of PEOPLE PER BEDMAT (cleaned <2sd) | ||||||
| 1 | 3811 | 1518 (41.5) | 1 | n/a | ||
| 2 | 8025 | 3588 (44.3) | 1.12 (1.03, 1.22) | 0.006 | ||
| 3 | 4375 | 2155 (49.5) | 1.37 (1.24, 1.50) | <0.001 | ||
| >3 | 1594 | 781 (49.0) | 1.35 (1.19, 1.54) | <0.001 | ||
| KITCHEN LOCATION | ||||||
| Inside house | 4892 | 1994 (40.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Open air | 6729 | 3075 (45.7) | 1.22 (1.11, 1.34) | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.99, 1.23) | 0.056 |
| Separate hut | 5682 | 2824 (49.7) | 1.44 (1.31, 1.58) | <0.001 | 1.05 (0.94, 1.18) | 0.343 |
| FUEL USE | ||||||
| Electricity, Oil, Gas, Paraffin | 267 | 133 (50.0) | 1 | n/a | ||
| Wood, Charcoal | 15559 | 7077 (45.5) | 0.84 (0.65, 1.07) | 0.169 | ||
| Animal Dung, Millet Straws | 1747 | 786 (45.0) | 0.82 (0.62, 1.07) | 0.158 | ||
| AREA | ||||||
| Rural | 8510 | 4254 (50.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Urban | 9295 | 3821 (41.1) | 0.70 (0.65, 0.75) | <0.001 | 0.71 (0.66, 0.77) | <0.001 |
| AGE | ||||||
| <1yr | 869 | 557 (64.1) | 2.72 (2.35, 3.15) | <0.001 | 3.17 (2.71, 3.70) | <0.001 |
| 0–4yr | 3479 | 2083 (59.9) | 2.28 (2.09, 2.48) | <0.001 | 2.79 (2.54, 3.07) | <0.001 |
| 5–14yr | 4230 | 1816 (42.9) | 1.14 (1.06, 1.24) | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.20, 1.42) | <0.001 |
| 15–29yr | 4304 | 1671 (38.8) | 0.97 (0.89, 1.05) | 0.434 | 0.97 (0.90, 1.06) | 0.555 |
| >30yr | 4923 | 1948 (45.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
| SEX | ||||||
| Female | 10030 | 4505 (44.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Male | 7708 | 3534 (45.8) | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) | 0.206 | 0.95 (0.89, 1.01) | 0.116 |
| SMOKING* | ||||||
| No | 8564 | 3355 (39.2) | 1 | n/a | ||
| Yes | 564 | 238 (42.2) | 1.13 (0.95, 1.35) | 0.16 | ||
| COUNTRY | ||||||
| Chad | 2049 | 1078 (52.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Ethiopia | 1887 | 910 (48.2) | 0.84 (0.72, 0.97) | 0.02 | 0.89 (0.75, 1.04) | 0.162 |
| Ghana | 1175 | 622 (52.9) | 1.01 (0.85, 1.20) | 0.883 | 0.95 (0.79, 1,15) | 0.590 |
| Mali | 4662 | 2443 (52.4) | 0.99 (0.87, 1.12) | 0.894 | 0.99 (0.87, 1.14) | 0.916 |
| Niger | 4642 | 1658 (35.7) | 0.50 (0.44, 0.57) | <0.001 | 0.52 (0.45, 0.60) | <0.001 |
| Nigeria | 1758 | 737 (41.9) | 0.65 (0.56, 0.77) | <0.001 | 0.67 (0.57, 0.80) | <0.001 |
| Senegal | 1632 | 627 (38.4) | 0.55 (0.47, 0.65) | <0.001 | 0.60 (0.49, 0.72) | <0.001 |
+
The final multivariate logistic regression model included the following variables: country, social mixing, age, sex, area, kitchen location.
*Only adults were questioned about their smoking habits.