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Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, stroke volume, and cardiac output throughout the lower body negative pressure (LBNP) protocol. Due to intersubject variation in LBNP time to hemodynamic decompensation, responses to LBNP were reapportioned to equal fractions between 0% LBNP tolerance (baseline) and 100% LBNP tolerance, the level where hemodynamic decompensation occurred and the LBNP terminated. Data are from all ten subjects and are presented as mean±standard error (SE).
