Table 11. Immunological features of autism and schizophrenia.
Feature | Autism | Schizophrenia |
HLA Association | Yes [441], [442] | Yes [442], [443] |
Co-morbidity with autoimmune disease | Yes [441], [444]–[446] | Yes [447]–[449] |
Viral triggers for disease | Yes [450] | Yes [450], [451] |
Association with maternal infection during pregnancy. | Yes [441] | Yes [452] |
Autoantibodies | Brain-specific antibodies in mothers and probands [441], [446], [453], [454]; Anti-nuclear antibodies [446], [455] | Yes [456] |
Other | Gene expression changes reminiscent of autoimmunity [457]; NK cell dysregulation [458]; Amelioration of aberrant behaviors during fever [459] | Various immunological abnormalities [460]–[462]; differentially expressed genes involve immune pathways [463] |