Table 3.

Effect of tolvaptan at baseline and during inhibition of the nitric oxide system on plasma concentration of sodium and potassium and plasma osmolality in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study of 19 healthy subjects

Periods	Baseline	L-NMMA		Post infusion		p (GLM-within)
	0-90 min	90-120 min	120-150 min	150-180 min	180-210 min
p-sodium (mmol/l)
Placebo	140 ± 2	139 ± 1	139 ± 2**	139. ± 2	138 ± 2**	0.272
Tolvaptan	143 ± 2	143 ± 2	141 ± 3**	141 ± 2	141 ± 2*
P (Wilcoxon’s signed rank test)	0.001	0.001	0.002	0.001	0.001
p- osm (mosm/kg)
Placebo	285 ± 3	285 ± 4	283 ± 4**	284 ± 4**	283 ± 4***	0.352
Tolvaptan	291 ± 3	291 ± 3	291 ± 3	291 ± 3	290 ± 3
p (GLM between) <0.0001
p (paired t-test)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
p-potassium (mmol/l)
Placebo	3.8 ± 0.2	3.8 ± 0.3	3.9 ± 0.3	3.9 ± 0.2	3.8 ± 0.1	0.325
Tolvaptan	3.9 ± 0.2	3.9 ± 0.2	4.0 ± 0.2	4.0 ± 0.1	4.0 ± 0.1
p (Wilcoxon’s signed rank test)	0.028	0.117	0.272	0.929	0.430

Data are shown as mean with ± SD or medians with ± interquartile range. General linear model (GLM) with repeated measures was performed for comparison within the group and intervention as between subjects factor. Post-hoc Bonferoni test (*) was used for comparison of infusion period 90–150 min vs baseline and post infusion period 150–210 vs baseline. Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for comparison between treatment group at baseline vs during infusion period 90–150 min, and at baseline vs post infusion period 150 – 210 min. ^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.001;^***p < 0.0001.