Table 2. Lead Biomarkers, Serum Iron Indices and Genotypes by Exposure [Mean ± SD or N (%) or M (P₂₅, P₇₅)].

Grouping	Exposed		Unexposed
	Males	Females	Males	Females
BPb(µg/L)	384.54±151.98**	276.16±107.93**	144.72±60.22	139.91±56.84
UPb(µg/L)	39.00(18.00,80.00)**	28.50(12.00,51.50)**	3.00(1.00,7.00)	1.00(1.00,7.50)
ZPP(µg/gHb)	9.00±8.92**	9.03±8.24**	2.49±1.24	4.98±5.79
sFe (µmol/L)	20.97±7.90*	17.08±7.13	24.00±7.93	14.74±7.00
UIBC(µmol/L)	37.4±12.4	44.2±13.9*	35.4±12.7	51.1±14.8
TIBC(µmol/L)	56.90(51.79, 62.73)	61.3±10.8	57.83(52.65, 65.29)	65.9±12.1
Tf (g/L)	2.73±0.49	2.92±0.54	2.87±0.42	2.96±0.58
TfS (%)	34.80(26.10, 44.96)*	28.92±12.84	41.37(30.31, 49.68)	23.39±11.65
sFn (µg/L)	160.00(92.30, 230.00)**	38.90(20.95, 59.00)	238.00(148.00, 343.00)	42.20(20.70, 64.50)
sTfR (mg/L)	1.30(1.13, 1.55)	1.38(1.20, 1.56)*	1.36(1.12, 1.55)	1.26(0.99, 1.44)
BIC (mg/kg)	40.30±2.63**	35.22±3.28	41.74±2.67	35.46±2.69
Hb(g/L)	139.8±15.0	120.5±12.2	138.3±13.3	115.9±14.2
H63D
HH	546(94.8)	120(93.0)	39(90.7)	21(91.3)
HD	29(5.0)	9(7.0)	4(9.3)	2(8.7)
DD	1(0.2)	0	0	0
C282Y
CC	576(100)	129(100)	43(100)	23(100)
CY	0	0	0	0
YY	0	0	0	0

Abbreviations: BPb, blood lead; UPb, urine lead; ZPP, zinc protoporphyrin; sFe, serum iron; UIBC, unsaturated iron-binding capacity; TIBC, total iron binding capacity; Tf, transferrin; TfS, serum transferrin saturation; sFn, serum ferritin; sTfR, soluble transferrin receptor; BIC, body iron content; Hb, haemoglobin. For H63D genotype, HH, wild-type; HD, H63D heterozygous variant; DD, H63D homozygous variant. For C282Y genotype, CC, wild-type; CY, C282Y heterozygous variant; YY, C282Y homozygous variant.

*(**) p<0.05 (0.01) (Chi-square test, Student's t-test or nonparametric test) compared with the unexposed group of the same sex.

Results were expressed as the mean ± SD when continuous variables followed a normal distribution.

Results were expressed as M (P₂₅, P₇₅) when continuous variables did not follow a normal distribution.