Table 2. Results of human studies that investigated the association between serum/dietary magnesium and components of the metabolic syndrome.
| Authors | Country | Study design | Biomarkers for magnesium |
Outcomes |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obesity | BP | Lipid profile | Blood glucose | MS | ||||
| Lima et al., 200966 | Brazil | Cross-sectional (n=72). Age: 18–54 years | Serum | (↓) BMI (↓) WC in F | (↓) SBP | (↑) HDL (∼) TG | (↓) HOMA-IR | (↓) MS |
| Kishimoto et al., 201070 | Tokyo | Case–control (n=16) 100% M. Age: 41.7±2.6 years | Dietary, Supplementation | ND | ND | (↓) TG (↓) Postprandial lipidemia | ND | ND |
| Corica et al., 200667 | Italy | Cross-sectional (n=290). 51.7% M and 48.3% F. Age: 63.1± 10.4 years | Serum | (↓) WC | (↓) BP | (↑) HDL (↓) TG | (↓) HbA1C (↓) Diabetes | ND |
| Ford et al., 200765 | United States | Cross-sectional (NHANES-III) (n=7669). Age:⩾20 years | Dietary | (↓) BMI(↓) WC | (∼) BP | (↓) LDL (∼) TG | (↓) Insulin (↓) BG | (↓) MS |
| He et al., 200663 | United States | Prospective (n=4637). 46.2% M and 53.8% F. Age: 18–30 years | Dietary | (↓) WC in White M&F (∼) WC in Black M&F (∼) BMI in Blacks and Whites | (↓) SBP and DBP in White M&F (∼) SBP and DBP in Black M&F | (↓) HDL in Blacks and Whites (↓) TG in White M&F (∼) TG in Black M&F | (↓) FBG in Black M&F (∼) FBG in White M&F | (↓) MS |
| Song et al., 200564 | Boston | Cross-sectional (n=11 686)100% F. Age: above 45 years | Dietary | (↓) WC (↓) BMI | (↓) BP | (↓) HDL (∼) TG | (↓) BG | (↓) MS |
| Witteman et al., 199471 | Belgium | Case–control (n=91)100% F. Age: ≈57 years | Magnesium supplementation | (∼) Body weight | (↓) SBP(↓) DBP | (∼) TC (∼) HDL | ND | ND |
| Yajnik, et al., 198468 | Britain | Cross-sectional (n=117). 78% M and 22% F. Age≈50 years | Serum | ND | ND | ND | (↓) HbA1c (↑) Glucose disposal | ND |
| Zofkova et al., 198069 | Prague | Case–control (n=14). 93% F and 7% M. Age: 20–38 years | Serum | ND | ND | ND | (↓) Glucose tolerance | ND |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; F, female; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HTN, hypertension; IR, insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; M, male; MS, metabolic syndrome; ND, not determined; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WC, waist circumference; TG, triglycerides; (↑) positive relation; (↓) inverse relation; (∼) no relation.