Table 2.

Comparison of average positive scores of HOSPC subscales across subprofessional groups

	Physician (1)		Other health worker (2)		Nurse (3)		Administration/management (4)		p Value (ANOVA)	Pairwise comparisons (LSD) p<0.05
	Mean	SE	Mean	SE	Mean	SE	Mean	SE
Frequency of events reporting	0.34	0.04	0.39	0.06	0.48	0.05	0.33	0.06	0.05	(1) vs (3); (3) vs (4)
Overall perceptions of patient safety	0.52	0.03	0.51	0.04	0.54	0.02	0.49	0.04	0.75
Manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety	0.62	0.03	0.70	0.05	0.74	0.03	0.60	0.05	0.03	(1) vs (3); (3) vs (4)
Organisational learning	0.74	0.03	0.71	0.05	0.75	0.03	0.58	0.05	0.01	(4) vs others
Teamwork within units	0.85	0.02	0.83	0.03	0.84	0.03	0.86	0.03	0.92
Communication openness	0.32	0.03	0.29	0.04	0.30	0.03	0.35	0.04	0.76
Feedback and communication about error	0.63	0.03	0.61	0.06	0.64	0.04	0.51	0.05	0.15	(4) vs (1); (4) vs (3)
Staffing	0.29	0.03	0.32	0.04	0.28	0.03	0.30	0.04	0.91
Non-punitive response to error	0.18	0.02	0.31	0.04	0.23	0.03	0.24	0.03	0.03	(1) vs (2)
Management support for patient safety	0.52	0.03	0.59	0.05	0.52	0.04	0.50	0.05	0.65
Teamwork across units	0.56	0.03	0.68	0.05	0.58	0.04	0.48	0.05	0.05	(2) vs (1); (2) vs (4)
Handoffs and transitions	0.48	0.03	0.45	0.05	0.54	0.03	0.43	0.06	0.28

Bold type indicates dimensional scores with a significant difference from one or more others across subprofessional groups.

HOSPC, Hospital Survey of Patient Safety Culture; LSD, least significant difference.