Table 2.

Individual mutant analysis identifies several factors which affect PEP-dependent chloroplast transcription in higher plant.

Gene name	AGI number	Phenotype*	Localization**	Molecular phenotype*	Protein domain***	Molecular function****	References
DG1a	AT5G67570	Delayed green	Chloroplast	Low PEP activity	PPR domain	Interacts with sig6	Chi et al., 2008, 2010
AtECB1/MRL7/SVR4a	AT4G28590	Albino	Chloroplast nucleoid	Low PEP activity	Thioredoxin-Like fold	Thioredoxin activity	Qiao et al., 2011; Yu et al., 2014;
PDRA1a	AT5G48470	Yellowish	Chloroplast nucleoid	Low PEP activity	U.K.	Function unknown	Qiao et al., 2013
NARA5b	AT4G27600	Yellowish	Chloroplast	Low PEP activity	pfkB-type carbohydrate kinase	U.K.	Ogawa et al., 2009
MRL7-Like/SVR4-Like/AtECB1-Likeb	AT2G31840	Albino	Chloroplast stroma	Low PEP activity	Thioredoxin-like fold	U.K.	Qiao et al., 2011; Powikrowska et al., 2014
Prin2b	AT1G10522	Yellowish	Chloroplast nucleoid	Low PEP activity	U.K.	U.K.	Kindgren et al., 2012
AtECB2/VAC1b	AT1G15510	Albino	Chloroplast	Low PEP activity, accD and Ndhf editing defect	PPR domain	RNA editing	Yu et al., 2009; Tseng et al., 2010
OTP70c	AT4G25270	Pale green	Chloroplast	Low PEP activity, splicing of the plastid transcript rpoC1	PPR domain	RNA splicing	Chateigner-Boutin et al., 2011
YS1c	AT3G22690	Delayed green	Chloroplast	Low PEP activity, rpoB editing defect	PPR domain	RNA editing	Zhou et al., 2009
SEL1/PDM1c	AT4G18520	Albino	Chloroplast	Low PEP activity, rpoA processing defect	PPR domain	RNA processing	Pyo et al., 2013
CLB19c	AT1G05750	Albino	Chloroplast	Low PEP activity, RNA editing defect	PPR domain	RNA editing	Chateigner-Boutin et al., 2008

^*Observed phenotype and Molecular phenotype of inactivation mutants is given.

^**Localization information is from GFP- fusion data.

^***Protein domain information is from PPDB database.

^****Molecular function data is given based on the reference. U.K. means that its detailed molecular function remains unclear.

^aThese factors are associated with the PAPs or the core subunits.

^bThese factors regulate plastid transcription with unknown mechanism.

^cThese factors indirectly affect PEP activity through regulating the processing of chloroplast transcripts encoding the core subunits.