Figure 5.

HS attenuated hypoxia-induced TNF-α and IL-1β expression in microglia. Immunofluorescence images of cultured microglia showing the expression of Iba-1 (A, D, G, J, M, P, green), TNF-α (B, E, H, red) and IL-1β (K, N, Q, red). The co-localized expression of Iba-1 and TNF-α can be seen in panels D, F, I. The co-localized expression of Iba-1 and IL-1β can be seen in panels L, O, R. Note that TNF-α and IL-1β expression are markedly down-regulated in microglia after treatment with 100 mM HS as compared with the hypoxia group cells. Scale bars: (A-R), 20 μm. HS, hypertonic saline; IL-1β, interleukin- 1beta; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.