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. 2014 Jun 11;11:102. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-102

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Copyright © 2014 Huang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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The effect of TNF-R and IL-1R antagonists on NKCC1 mRNA and protein expression in astrocytes. Bar graphs A and B show that NKCC1 mRNA expression in astrocytes is significantly down-regulated by TNF-R and IL-1R antagonists (*P < 0.05). Panel C shows NKCC1 (170 kDa) and β-actin (43 kDa) immunoreactive bands, respectively. Bar graph D shows significant reduction in the optical density of NKCC1 protein following TNF-R and IL-1R antagonist treatment (**P < 0.01). IL-1R, interleukin-1 receptor; NKCC1, Na-K-Cl Cotransporter 1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.