Table 5. Influence of lifestyle factors on ultrasound parameters (with adjustments for age, centre, weight, and other lifestyle variables in model).
| Broadband Attenuation (dB/Mhz) | Speed of Sound (m/s) | Quantitative Ultrasound Index | |
|---|---|---|---|
| β co-efficient1 (95% CI) | β co-efficient1 (95% CI) | β co-efficient1 (95% CI) | |
| Current smoker (yes vs no) | −4.613 (−6.255, −2.971)* | −10.399 (−13.372, −7.426)* | −5.974 (−7.819, −4.130)* |
| Alcohol consumption (days / week) | |||
| None | −2.105 (−4.303, 0.094) | −2.621 (−6.601, 1.359) | −2.043 (−4.512, 0.426) |
| < 1 | −0.059 (−1.988, 1.869) | −0.537 (−4.029, 2.954) | −0.338 (−2.504, 1.828) |
| 1-2 | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| 3-4 | −2.034 (−4.328, 0.260) | −4.551 (−8.704, −0.397)* | −2.836 (−5.413, −0.260)* |
| 5-6 | −2.219 (−5.045, 0.606) | −4.387 (−9.504, 0.729) | −2.819 (−5.993, 0.355) |
| Every day | −3.162 (−5.386, −0.937)* | −6.265 (−10.293, −2.238)* | −3.955 (−6.454, −1.456)* |
| PASE score per 100 (0-1100) | 0.692 (−0.174, 1.557) | 2.066 (0.499, 3.633)* | 1.176 (0.204, 2.148)* |
| Walking or cycling / day | |||
| None | Referent | Referent | Referent |
| <½ hour | 2.549 (0.245, 4.853)* | 4.690 (0.519, 8.861)* | 3.082 (0.495, 5.670)* |
| ½hour – 1 hour | 2.101 (−0.092, 4.293) | 3.698 (−0.272, 7.668) | 2.612 (0.149, 5.075)* |
| > 1hour | 2.123 (−0.173, 4.419) | 3.490 (−0.667, 7.648) | 2.467 (−0.112, 5.046) |
| Tinetti: time taken from sitting to standing (s) | 0.039 (−0.132, 0.210) | −0.121 (−0.430, 0.189) | −0.037 (−0.229, 0.155) |
| PPT: time taken to walk 50 feet (s) | −0.608 (−0.878, −0.337)* | −0.832 (−1.322, −0.343)* | −0.596 (−0.900, −0.293)* |
| SF36 physical component score (0-100) | 0.173 (0.078, 0.268)* | 0.343 (0.171, 0.515)* | 0.208 (0.101, 0.315)* |
*
p<0.05
1
adjusted for age, centre, weight, and other lifestyle variables in model