Table 1.
Operative Parameters
| Study | Anesthesia | Real-Time Imaging | Wavelength (Laser Source)a | Number of Fibers | Energy (Joules), Power (Watt), Time (Sec) | Cancer Volume (cm3) | Location | Thermal Damage Monitoring | Visible Dimension of Thermal Necrosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amin Z et al34 | Sedation and local anesthesia | Transrectal ultrasound | 805 nm (Diomed diode) | 3 | 3000 J, 2 W, 500 s | Unknown | Peripheral zone | No | Unknown |
| Atri M et al35 | General | Transrectal CEUS | 830 nm (Indigo diode) | 2 | 2880 J, 2–15W (temperature control at 100°;C), 720 sec | 0.25 | Mid-posterior region | Yes | 176 |
| Lindner U et al35 | General | Transrectal CEUS | Unknown | 1 or 2 | Unknown | Mean 0.25 (range, 0.1–0.99) | Unknown | Yes | 300–4000 |
| Raz O et al37 | General | MRI-guidance and CEUS | 980 nm (Visualase diode laser) | ≥2 | Unknown | Unknown | Medial mid-prostate; peripheral zone | Yes | Unknown |
| Lindner U et al19 | General | CEUS | Unknown | 2 or 3 | 3260–5900 J | Not reported | Not reported | Yes | 2500–4500 |
| Woodrum et al39 | General | MRI-guidance | Unknown | 2 or 3 | Unknown | 2.56 | Right of urethral anasto-mosis at the bladder base anterior to the rectum | Yes | Unknown |
| Lindner G et al38 | General | Robotic MRI-guidance | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 0.79; 0.24 | Both cases irregularly shaped lesions, obliquely angled | Yes | 8700–9300 |
| Oto A et al16 | Sedation and local anesthesia | MRI-guidance | 980 nm (Visualase diode laser) | 1 | 2967 J, 11.5 W, 258 s | Max diameter 7 mm (range, 4–12) | All in peripheral zone | Yes | Unknown |
aDiomed, Andover, MA; Indigo® manufactured by Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Cincinnati, OH; Visualase, Houston, TX. CEUS, contrast-enhanced ultrasound; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; US, ultrasound.