In vivo bioluminescence of THJ-11T and THJ-16T cells in immunodeficient mice. (A) THJ-11T– and THJ-16T-luciferase–expressing cells (500,000 cells per mouse) were injected into the right thyroid of NOD/SCIDIl2rg-/- mice, and tumor growth and metastasis were monitored over time in vivo. Tumor take rate was 100% (4/4 mice per cell line). (B) Bioluminescent images were taken using an IVIS Spectrum. All mice were reimaged using the same setting of IVIS Spectrum and bioluminescent signals were quantified as total flux photons/s (p/s) using Living Image software and plotted against the days since implantation. (C) Histologic analysis of the tumor tissue confirmed invasion to the trachea, smooth muscles, and the esophagus. Tumors displayed with a mixed morphology of spindle cells and pleomorphic giant cells. Scale bar, 100 μm.