Table 4.
Association between hypomania and illicit substance use.
| Model 1: unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Model 2: Model 1 adjusted by age OR (95% CI) | Model 3: Model 2+gender, race, education and marital status OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CANNABIS MEASURES | |||
| Ever use cannabis | 1.6 (0.8, 3.2) | 0.9 (0.4, 1.8) | 0.9 (0.5, 2.0) |
| Age first used cannabis (beta) | −2.9 (−5.8, 0.004) | −0.8 (−1.6, 0.002) | −0.8 (−1.6, 0.002) |
| Cannabis use in the last 12 months | 2.8 (1.1, 7.5) | 1.8 (0.7, 4.5) | 1.6 (0.6, 3.8) |
| Frequency of cannabis use in the past 12 monthsa (beta) | −0.8 (−1.6, 0.002) | −0.7 (−1.4, −0.001) | −0.5 (−0.9, 0.001) |
| COCAINE MEASURES | |||
| Ever use cocaine | 2.6 (1.2, 5.8) | 1.7 (0.8, 3.9) | 2.0 (0.9, 4.4) |
| Age first used cocaine (beta) | −1. 8 (−2.1,−1.4) | 0.4 (−0.001, 0.8) | 0.07 (−0.002, 0.1) |
| Used cocaine in the last 12 months | 11.3 (3.0, 42.1) | 8.2 (2.8, 24.1) | 2.9 (1.1, 8.2) |
| Frequency of cocaine use in the past 12 monthsa (beta) | 0.2 (−0.001, 0.4) | 0.1 (−0.000, 0.225) | 0.1 (0.000, 0.183) |
| PRESCRIPTION/OTHER DRUG MEASURES | |||
| Ever use prescription/other drugs | 2.6 (1.2, 5.7) | 1.6 (0.7, 3.5) | 1.7 (0.8, 3.9) |
| Age first used prescription/other drugs (beta) | −1. 9 (−3.8, −0.004) | −0.7 (−0.2, 0.002) | −0.2 (−0.5, 0.003) |
| Used prescription/other drugs in the last 12 months | 6.1 (2.0, 19.1) | 2.8 (0.9, 8.8) | 1.8 (0.4, 7.3) |
| Frequency of prescription/other drug use in the past 12 monthsa (beta) | −0.9 (−1.8, 0.002) | −0.6 (−1.3, −0.002) | 0.3 (0.003, 0.5) |
Values are Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval), unless otherwise noted.
a
Frequency of substance use within the last 12 months responses categorized as: (1) nearly everyday, (2) 3–4 days/week, (3) 1–2 days/week, (4) 1–3 days/month, or (5) less than once a month.