Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the trial, initial cohort data and modified cohort data matched on protein E%, carbohydrate E%, glycemic index, BMI and WCa.
| DiOGenes trial | Initial DCH cohort | Modified DCH cohort data | |||
| N = 774 | N = 57 053b | N = 2 180 | |||
| Low protein c | High protein d | Low protein e | High protein f | ||
| N = 196 | N = 232 | N = 784 | N = 928 | ||
| P50 (P5; P95) | P50 (P5; P95) | P50 (P5; P95) | P50 (P5; P95) | P50 (P5; P95) | |
| Protein E% | 16.7 (12.3; 28.8) | 21.4 (14.4; 31.2) | 16.7 (12.9; 21.0) | 17.1 (12.8; 24.3) | 20.4 (15.0; 25.4) |
| Carbohydrate E% | 53.9 (30.6; 68.4) | 46.6 (32.2; 58.0) | 44.2 (34.0; 55.4) | 50.5 (32.5; 61.4) | 44.3 (32.8; 54.4) |
| Fat E% | 27.8 (15.6; 43.5) | 29.9 (19.8; 47.1) | 33.0 (23.7; 40.9) | 29.2 (19.9; 39.1) | 31.7 (23.6; 40.9) |
| Alcohol E% | 0.0 (0.0; 7.0) | 0.0 (0.0; 10.1) | 4.2 (0.2; 18.6) | 2.1 (0.1; 11.2) | 2.7 (0.1; 15.8) |
| Glycemic index | 59.1 (49.6; 67.8) | 59.6 (49.5; 69.2) | 60.0 (53.6; 66.5) | 59.0 (51.2; 66.8) | 58.9 (51.1; 67.8) |
| Energy (MJ) | 5.8 (2.8; 10.1) | 5.9 (3.5; 10.5) | 9.5 (5.9; 14.7) | 8.2 (4.9; 13.0) | 7.9 (4.9; 12.6) |
| Weight (kg) | 85.0 (67.0; 116.0) | 87.4 (65.9; 116.4) | 74.5 (54.9; 100.4) | 82.0 (65.1; 110.3) | 83.5 (65.2; 112.4) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.0 (24.8; 39.4) | 29.9 (24.8; 38.9) | 25.6 (20.4; 33.4) | 28.9 (24.0; 38.3) | 29.2 (24.2; 38.1) |
| WC (cm) | 96.4 (80.9; 120.3) | 95.8 (80.0; 120.3) | 89.0 (69.0; 110.0) | 94.0 (79.0; 118.0) | 94.0 (78.0; 117.0) |
| FMI (kg/m2) | 11.1 (6.0; 18.2) | 10.3 (5.6; 18.7) | 7.7 (4.2; 13.9) | 10.6 (6.1; 17.6) | 10.7 (5.8; 17.8) |
| Age (years) | 41.7 (32.4; 51.6) | 42.9 (31.5; 53.1) | 56.0 (50.0; 64.0) | 54.0 (50.0; 58.0) | 53.0 (50.0; 58.0) |
| Weight change (kg) g | 1.4 (−6.9; 7.4) | 0.7 (−11.0; 7.1) | 0.0 (−1.5; 1.3) | −0.1 (−1.7; 1.7) | −0.1 (−2.1; 1.5) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DCH, Diet Cancer and Health; DiOGenes, Diet Obesity and Genes; E %, percent of energy intake; FMI, fat mass index; P50, median; P5, 5th percentile; P95, 95th percentile; WC, waist circumference.
Median, 5th and 95th percentile of baseline variables and weight change. Information on control groups is not shown. In trial data: high and low protein group is based on random allocation to intervention diet. In modified cohort data: high and low protein group is based on the randomization status of the matched trial participants. Mean values across matches of the ten random orders of the trial dataset are shown.
Individuals with dietary information N = 56 998; weight N = 57 013; BMI N = 57 009; WC N = 57,000; FMI N = 56 906; age N = 57 053; weight change N = 43 661; glycemic index only available in the observational DiOGenes study-database N = 22 835.
Individuals with information on fat mass (kg), FMI and body fat % N = 169; weight change N = 147.
Individuals with information on fat mass (kg), FMI and body fat % N = 192; weight change N = 189.
Individuals with information on fat mass, FMI and body fat % N = 782.
Individuals with information on fat mass, FMI and body fat % N = 925.
In trial data: change in weight during weight loss maintenance phase (mean 6 months). In observational data: average annual change in weight from baseline to follow-up (mean 5.3 years).