Figure 1. Illustration of the potential hierarchical organization of point- and stand-level forest attributes hypothesized to be influential on bird movement and ranging in heterogeneous production forest landscapes.

Large rectangles represent three adjacent forest stands with different management practices and dominance of different tree species (represented by three different tree symbols). Within forest stands, local tree assemblages might differ in their composition and tree density, such that point locations (dashed-line circles) may be as different within as among the different forest stands.