Table 1. Phenotypic differences between P. sanctipauli sp. nov. and related Photobacterium species.
Taxa: 1, P. sanctipauli sp. nov. (five strains); 2, P. rosenbergii LMG 22223T (Srinivas et al., 2013; Thompson et al., 2005b); 3, P. gaetbulicola Gung 47T (Kim et al., 2010); 4, P. lutimaris LMG 25278T (Chimetto et al., 2010; Jung et al., 2007); 5, P. jeanii LMG 25436T (Chimetto et al., 2010; Srinivas et al., 2013); 6, P. leiognathi LMG 4228T (Baumann & Baumann, 1984; Chimetto et al., 2010; Nogi, Masui & Kato, 1998; Yoshizawa et al., 2009). +, Positive; −, negative; w, weak; v, variable; nd, no data available. All taxa are negative for Gram stain, lysine- and ornithine- decarboxylase, L-arabinose and D-sorbitol utilization; and positive for oxidase and alkaline phosphatase. Data in parentheses are for the type strains.
| Characteristic | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salinity growth range (%) | 1–8 | 1–7 | 0–8 | 1–6 | 0.5–4 | 0.5–6 |
| Optimum NaCl concentration (%,w/v) | 2–3 | 2–6 | 2–5 | 2–3 | 0.5–2 | nd |
| Temperature growth range (°C) | 15–42 | 15–35 | 10–40 | 4–41 | 15–37 | nd-37 |
| Optimum temperature (°C) | 30 | 20–30 | 30 | 25–30 | 28 | (26) |
| pH growth range | 6–11 | 6–10 | 5–9 | 5–9 | 5–9 | nd |
| Optimum pH | 7.5 | 7–8.5 | 7–8 | 7.5–8.5 | 7–8 | nd |
| Enzyme activity | ||||||
| Catalase | w | (+) | + | w | + | (−) |
| Esterase (C4) | v(−) | + | + | + | + | + |
| Esterase lipase (C8) | v(−) | + | + | + | + | (+) |
| Lipase (C14) | − | (+ ) | + | − | + | − |
| Leucine arylamidase | + | − | − | + | + | nd |
| Valine arylamidase | − | + | − | − | w | − |
| Cystine arylamidase | − | − | − | + | − | nd |
| Trypsin | − | − | − | − | + | (w) |
| Acid phosphatase | − | + | − | + | + | nd |
| Naphthol-AS-BI phosphohydrolase | + | + | − | + | + | + |
| α-galactosidase | − | (+) | − | − | − | − |
| α-glucosidase | − | (+) | − | − | + | (−) |
| N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase | + | + | − | − | (−) | nd |
| β-galactosidase | + | + | − | − | + | + |
| Arginine dihydrolase | + | + | − | + | + | + |
| Tryptophane deaminase | v(w) | − | − | − | − | (−) |
| Indole production from tryptophan | v(−) | − | nd | + | − | (−) |
| Acetoin production from sodium pyruvate | − | − | nd | (−) | (w) | + |
| Gelatinase | − | − | nd | − | + | − |
| Fermentation | ||||||
| Amygdalin | − | + | nd | (+) | − | (−) |
| Glucose | + | + | + | − | + | + |
| Utilization as sole carbon source | ||||||
| Citrate | v(−) | + | + | + | − | − |
| D-Maltose | v(−) | (+)* | + | + | − | + |
| D-trehalose | v(−) | (+)* | + | + | − | − |
| D-Cellobiose | v(w) | (+)* | + | + | − | − |
| Sucrose | v(−) | (+ )* | + | + | v(+) | − |
| D-Raffinose | − | (−)* | + | + | nd | − |
| D-Melibiose | v(−) | (+)* | + | (−) | + | − |
| β-Methyl-D-Glucoside | v(−) | (+)* | nd | nd | nd | nd |
| D-Mannose | + | (+)* | + | + | − | + |
| D-Salicin | + | (+)* | − | + | nd | nd |
| D-Fructose | v(w) | (+)* | − | + | nd | − |
| L-Rhamnose | v(−) | (+ )* | − | − | − | − |
| D-Mannitol | v(−) | (+)* | + | − | − | − |
| Myo-Inositol | v(−) | (+)* | + | + | − | − |
| Tween 40 | − | (w)* | + | + | nd | − |
| DNA G + C content (mol%) | 48.2 | 47.6–47.9 | 50.6 | 48.3 | 49.8 | 41.6 |
| Fatty acids | ||||||
| C16:0 iso | − | 1.9 | 0.4 | − | 1.9–3.5 | − |
| C18:0 | 0.5–0.7 | − | − | − | − | − |
Notes.
Data from this study.