Table 1.

TM&M Classification of Complications for Thoracic Surgery

Grade	Definition
Complication	Any deviation from the normal postoperative course
Minor
Grade I	Any complication without need for pharmacologic treatment or other intervention
Grade II	Any complication that requires pharmacologic treatment or minor intervention only
Major
Grade III	Any complication that requires surgical, radiologic, endoscopic intervention, or multitherapy
IIIa	Intervention does not require general anesthesia
IIIb	Intervention requires general anesthesia
Grade IV	Any complication requiring intensive care unit management and life support
IVa	Single organ dysfunction
IVb	Multiorgan dysfunction
Mortality
Grade V	Any complication leading to the death of the patient