Table 3.
Complications of Patients after VATS Lobectomy
| Complication Grade | N | % |
|---|---|---|
| Grade I | 19 | 4.2 |
| Pulmonary | 8 | 1.8 |
| Pneumothorax (cured without intervention) | 8 | 1.8 |
| Other | 11 | 2.4 |
| Urine tract infection (only need to remove urine tube) | 8 | 1.8 |
| Delirium | 3 | 0.7 |
| Grade II | 276 | 61.2 |
| Pulmonary | 120 | 26.6 |
| Prolonged air leak | 68 | 15.1 |
| Pneumonia | 22 | 4.9 |
| Atelectasis | 14 | 3.1 |
| Chylothorax (≤200ml/24h, need fat free diet) | 8 | 1.8 |
| Subcutaneous emphysema (modification of chest tube position) | 8 | 1.8 |
| Other | 156 | 34.6 |
| Arrhythmia (AF, PVC etc.) | 85 | 18.8 |
| Hypertension (need intravenously drip antihypertensive drugs) | 27 | 6.0 |
| Anemia (need transfusion) | 23 | 5.1 |
| Coagulation disorders | 7 | 1.6 |
| Peptic ulcer | 5 | 1.1 |
| Urine tract infection | 4 | 0.9 |
| Abdominal pain | 3 | 0.7 |
| Delirium (need sedative) | 2 | 0.4 |
| Grade IIIa | 99 | 22.0 |
| Pulmonary | 93 | 20.6 |
| Atelectasis (need sputum suction) | 42 | 9.3 |
| Pleural effusion (need thoracentesis) | 43 | 9.5 |
| Subcutaneous emphysema (need chest tube reinsertion) | 4 | 0.9 |
| Chylothorax (need fasting and TPN) | 4 | 0.9 |
| Other | 6 | 1.3 |
| Heart failure | 6 | 1.3 |
| Grade IIIb | 13 | 2.9 |
| Pulmonary | 13 | 2.9 |
| Pleural bleeding | 4 | 0.9 |
| Lung torsion | 2 | 0.4 |
| Bronchopleural fistula | 5 | 1.1 |
| Chylothorax (need operation) | 2 | 0.4 |
| Other | 0 | 0.0 |
| Grade IVa | 37 | 8.2 |
| Pulmonary | 29 | 6.4 |
| ARDS | 12 | 2.7 |
| Severe pneumonia | 7 | 1.6 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 10 | 2.2 |
| Other | 8 | 1.8 |
| Cerebrovascular events | 3 | 0.7 |
| Heart failure (need ICU management) | 5 | 1.1 |
| Grade IVb | 2 | 0.4 |
| Pulmonary | 2 | 0.4 |
| ARDS combined with heart failure | 2 | 0.4 |
| Other | 0 | 0.0 |
| Grade V | 5 | 1.1 |
| Pulmonary | 4 | 0.9 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 2 | 0.4 |
| Severe pneumonia combined with ARDS | 2 | 0.4 |
| Other | 1 | 0.2 |
| Sepsis, septic shock, multiple organ failure | 1 | 0.2 |
| Total complications | 451 | 100 |
| Total patients with complications | 316 | 17.9 |
AF = atrial fibrillation, PVC = premature ventricular contraction, TPN = Total Parenteral Nutrition, ARDS = Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, ICU = intensive care unit.