SKD1 regulated membrane disassociation of ESCRT-III but not ESCRT-I–ESCRT-II subunits. A, ESCRT-I–ESCRT-III subunits were coexpressed with SKD1(E232Q) or RFP-SKD1(E232Q) in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Bar = 50 μm. B, Western-blot analysis of the distribution of ESCRT-I–ESCRT-III subunits in the cytosol (CS) or on the membrane (CM) in the presence or absence of SKD1(E232Q). Arabidopsis protoplasts expressing the indicated constructs were subjected to protein isolation into CS and CM fractions, followed by protein immunoblot analysis using a GFP antibody, cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (cFBPase) antibody (CS fraction loading control), and Man1 antibody (CM fraction loading control). [See online article for color version of this figure.]