Figure 3.

Effects of papuamine and doxorubicin (DOX) on the induction of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, as assayed by western blotting. The cells were incubated with these reagents for 24 h and samples were prepared as described in the Materials and methods section. The level of the indicated proteins was analyzed by western blot analysis using the level of β-actin as a loading control. The experiments shown are representative of a minimum of three independent experiments.