Table 2.
Comparisons of four primary and five secondary findings on magnetic resonance imaging between low-grade and high-grade instability on the Lachman and pivot shift tests ( n = 154)
|
Parameter |
Lachman test |
OR (95% CI) |
P
-value |
Pivot shift test |
OR (95% CI) |
P
-value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low ( n = 86) | High ( n = 68) | Low ( n = 25) | High ( n = 129) | |||||
| Primary findings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Nonvisualization |
15 |
24 |
2.6 (1.2–5.5) |
0.011 |
3 |
36 |
2.8 (0.8–10.1) |
0.094 |
| Discontinuity |
57 |
36 |
1.1 (0.4–2.7) |
0.914 |
18 |
75 |
0.8 (0.3–2.7) |
0.764 |
| Abnormal signal |
46 |
31 |
1.3 (0.6–2.8) |
0.579 |
16 |
61 |
0.7 (0.2–1.9) |
0.448 |
| Abnormal shape |
43 |
30 |
1.4 (0.6–3.0) |
0.451 |
15 |
58 |
0.7 (0.3–2.0) |
0.534 |
| Secondary findings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Deep sulcus sign |
31 |
19 |
0.7 (0.4–1.4) |
0.286 |
10 |
40 |
0.7 (0.3–1.6) |
0.380 |
| Segond fracture |
3 |
1 |
0.4 (0.04–4.1) |
0.630 |
1 |
3 |
0.6 (0.1–5.7) |
0.511 |
| PCL angle (<105°) |
31 |
32 |
1.6 (0.8–3.0) |
0.168 |
9 |
54 |
1.3 (0.5–3.1) |
0.585 |
| Anterior translation (≥7 mm) |
51 |
46 |
1.4 (0.7–2.8) |
0.287 |
9 |
88 |
3.8 (1.6–9.4) |
0.002 |
| Bone contusion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Absent or medial compartment |
34 |
29 |
1.1 (0.6–2.2) |
0.696 |
9 |
54 |
1.3 (0.5–3.1) |
0.585 |
| Lateral compartment |
26 |
22 |
1.1 (0.6–2.2) |
0.778 |
7 |
41 |
1.2 (0.5–3.1) |
0.709 |
| Both compartments | 26 | 17 | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | 0.472 | 9 | 34 | 1.1 (0.6–2.2) | 0.325 |
P-values less than 0.05 are shown in bold. Abbreviation: n number, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval.