Table 2.
Demographic information and cognitive measures per diagnostic group and APOE genotype.
| Characteristic | HCS | MCI | AD | p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APOE status | ε4+ | ε4- | ε4+ | ε4- | ε4+ | ε4- | N/A |
| Nc | 26 | 87 | 16 | 14 | 9 | 14 | 0.004* |
| Age, y | 71.04 (5.92) | 68.89 (5.72) | 73.31 (6.44) | 73.36 (5.75) | 77.33 (3.87) | 78.07 (7.43) | - |
| Gender, M/Fd | 11/15 | 39/48 | 2/14 | 9/5 | 4/5 | 3/11 | 0.003*a |
| Years of education | 14.77 (2.89) | 14.72 (3.52) | 12.44 (2.78) | 13.57 (3.23) | 10.67 (2.18) | 10.93 (3.17) | - |
| MMSE | 29.23 (0.91) | 29.47 (0.83) | 27.44 (1.50) | 28.21 (1.97) | 20.56 (3.40) | 21.86 (4.11) | - |
| Digit Span forward | 0.02 (1.14) | -0.008 (1.03) | -0.61 (0.67) | -0.58 (0.74) | -0.37 (1.34) | -0.57 (0.99) | - |
| Word List Learning | -0.06 (0.94) | 0.05 (1.07) | -2.23 (1.61) | -2.14 (1.58) | -3.78 (1.68) | -3.99 (1.47) | - |
| Category Fluency | 0.33 (0.99) | -0.06 (1.01) | -1.37 (0.94) | -0.89 (1.11) | -2.39 (1.42) | -2.63 (1.04) | - |
| Letter Fluency | 0.57 (1.16) | -0.11 (0.88) | 0.65 (1.13) | -0.17 (1.83) | -1.29 (1.33) | -0.39 (0.88) | 0.002*b |
| Stroop Trial 3 | 0.02 (0.94) | 0.07 (1.04) | -0.94 (0.86) | -0.44 (1.12) | -2.78 (2.01) | -2.95 (2.45) | - |
| Five-Point Test | 0.25 (1.00) | -0.05 (0.97) | -1.03 (0.61) | -0.77 (1.12) | -1.71 (0.97) | -1.77 (0.75) | - |
| Across-domain IIM | 0.09 (0.61) | 0.00 (0.68) | -1.41 (0.80) | -1.20 (0.77) | -2.18 (1.26) | -2.39 (0.77) | - |
| Within-domain IIM | 0.28 (0.72) | -0.02 (0.72) | -0.44 (0.64) | -0.46 (1.12) | -1.93 (1.01) | -1.70 (1.00) | - |
| Across-domain IIVe | 0.91 (0.46) | 0.84 (0.44) | 1.03 (0.81) | 1.18 (0.22) | 1.86 (0.59) | 1.84 (0.87) | - |
| Within-domain IIVe | 0.86 (0.40) | 0.68 (0.41) | 0.97 (0.47) | 1.08 (0.05) | 1.33 (0.72) | 1.51 (1.22) | 0.049*b |
HCS = healthy control subjects; MCI = mild cognitive impairment; AD = Alzheimer’s disease; ε4+ = ε4 carrier; ε4- = ε4 non-carrier; N/A = not applicable; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; IIM = intraindividual mean; IIV = intraindividual variability. Data are means and standard deviations unless specified otherwise. Standardized residuals of cognitive test scores for MCI and AD were calculated by using parameter estimates for age, education and gender in HCS. * If not stated otherwise: Significant p value test by analysis of variance per diagnostic group indicated significant differences at p < 0.05 or lower between ε4 carrier and ε4 non-carrier in aMCI, bHCS. – indicate no significant group differences. cPearson’s X2 test across diagnostic groups. dPearson’s X2 test per diagnostic group. eAnalysis of covariance in MCI, means adjusted for gender.