Table 3.

Holocaust offspring variables according to maternal PTSD status.

	Maternal PTSD status		Fdf, p or ${\mathrm{\chi }}_{\text{df}}^2$, p
	PTSD+ (n = 42)	PTSD− (n = 26)
Offspring age	47.6 ± 7.5	48.7 ± 7.1	F1,66 = 0.41, ns
Maternal age at offspring birth	29.6 ± 5.2	29.7 ± 6.5	F1,61 = 0.01, ns
Gender (males)	16 (38.1%)	7 (26.9%)	${\mathrm{\chi }}_1^2$ = 0.90, ns
Number of years of education	17.2 ± 2.7	17.1 ± 3.7	F1,66 = 0.04, ns
Body mass index (kg/m2)	24.7 ± 4.1	24.4 ± 4.9	F1,66 = 0.07, ns
Psychological scars and stress sensitivitya	6.8 ± 2.7	4.6 ± 2.4	F1,62 = 11.70, p = 0.001
Beck Depression Inventory	9.6 ± 7.9	6.3 ± 5.2	F1,46 = 2.88, p = 0.097
Spielberger STAI-Tb	25.5 ± 10.2	16.1 ± 9.7	F1,42 = 9.77, p = 0.003
Spielberger STAI-Sb	19.6 ± 12.8	13.1 ± 11.7	F2,46 = 3.20, p = 0.080
CTQ total scorec	46.8 ± 13.9	32.2 ± 7.1	F1,61 = 22.64, p < 0.0005
CAPS total score – currentd	19.6 ± 24.5	6.7 ± 9.7	F1,61 = 6.04, p = 0.017
CAPS total score – lifetimed	31.7 ± 29.5	11.9 ± 14.6	F1,61 = 9.42, p = 0.003
Depressive disorder – currente	10 (23.8%)	3 (11.5%)	${\mathrm{\chi }}_1^2$ = 1.56, ns
Depressive disorder – lifetimee	23 (54.8%)	9 (34.6%)	${\mathrm{\chi }}_1^2$ = 2.62, ns
Anxiety disorder – currente	10 (23.8%)	11 (42.3%)	${\mathrm{\chi }}_1^2$ = 2.67, ns
Anxiety disorder – lifetimee	17 (40.5%)	14 (53.8%)	${\mathrm{\chi }}_1^2$ = 1.16, ns
PTSD – currentf	4 (9.5%)	0 (0.0%)	${\mathrm{\chi }}_1^2$ = 2.63, ns
PTSD – lifetimef	12 (28.6%)	1 (3.8%)	${\mathrm{\chi }}_1^2$ = 6.35, p = 0.012
Urinary cortisol (RIA; μg/day)	46.7 ± 23.7	59.3 ± 32.1	F1,66 = 3.42, (p = 0.069)g

^aComposite score of two self-report items on the Parental PTSD Questionnaire (PPQ); ^bSpielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); ^cChildhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ); ^dClinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) ratings for PTSD-related symptom severity; ^eDiagnoses according to DSM-IV criteria based on clinical interview; ^fDiagnoses according to CAPS criteria for current and lifetime PTSD; ^gComparison made without covariates as in text.