Table 3.
Maternal PTSD status |
Fdf, p or , p | ||
---|---|---|---|
PTSD+ (n = 42) | PTSD− (n = 26) | ||
Offspring age | 47.6 ± 7.5 | 48.7 ± 7.1 | F1,66 = 0.41, ns |
Maternal age at offspring birth | 29.6 ± 5.2 | 29.7 ± 6.5 | F1,61 = 0.01, ns |
Gender (males) | 16 (38.1%) | 7 (26.9%) | = 0.90, ns |
Number of years of education | 17.2 ± 2.7 | 17.1 ± 3.7 | F1,66 = 0.04, ns |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.7 ± 4.1 | 24.4 ± 4.9 | F1,66 = 0.07, ns |
Psychological scars and stress sensitivitya | 6.8 ± 2.7 | 4.6 ± 2.4 | F1,62 = 11.70, p = 0.001 |
Beck Depression Inventory | 9.6 ± 7.9 | 6.3 ± 5.2 | F1,46 = 2.88, p = 0.097 |
Spielberger STAI-Tb | 25.5 ± 10.2 | 16.1 ± 9.7 | F1,42 = 9.77, p = 0.003 |
Spielberger STAI-Sb | 19.6 ± 12.8 | 13.1 ± 11.7 | F2,46 = 3.20, p = 0.080 |
CTQ total scorec | 46.8 ± 13.9 | 32.2 ± 7.1 | F1,61 = 22.64, p < 0.0005 |
CAPS total score – currentd | 19.6 ± 24.5 | 6.7 ± 9.7 | F1,61 = 6.04, p = 0.017 |
CAPS total score – lifetimed | 31.7 ± 29.5 | 11.9 ± 14.6 | F1,61 = 9.42, p = 0.003 |
Depressive disorder – currente | 10 (23.8%) | 3 (11.5%) | = 1.56, ns |
Depressive disorder – lifetimee | 23 (54.8%) | 9 (34.6%) | = 2.62, ns |
Anxiety disorder – currente | 10 (23.8%) | 11 (42.3%) | = 2.67, ns |
Anxiety disorder – lifetimee | 17 (40.5%) | 14 (53.8%) | = 1.16, ns |
PTSD – currentf | 4 (9.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | = 2.63, ns |
PTSD – lifetimef | 12 (28.6%) | 1 (3.8%) | = 6.35, p = 0.012 |
Urinary cortisol (RIA; μg/day) | 46.7 ± 23.7 | 59.3 ± 32.1 | F1,66 = 3.42, (p = 0.069)g |
aComposite score of two self-report items on the Parental PTSD Questionnaire (PPQ); bSpielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); cChildhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ); dClinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) ratings for PTSD-related symptom severity; eDiagnoses according to DSM-IV criteria based on clinical interview; fDiagnoses according to CAPS criteria for current and lifetime PTSD; gComparison made without covariates as in text.