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. 2014 Jul 1;20(1):41–53. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.03.031

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© 2014 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).

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Effect of ICV E2 on Energy Balance, BAT Activation, and Hypothalamic AMPK Pathway

(A–H) (A) Body weight change, (B) daily food intake, (C) core temperature, (D) energy expenditure (EE) (cumulative in left panel and total in right panel), (E) respiratory quotient (RQ) (cumulative in left panel and total in right panel), (F) locomotor activity (LA) (cumulative in left panel and total in right panel), (G) BAT sympathetic nervous activity (SNA) tracings (upper panel) and time-course of BAT SNA response (lower panel), and (H) western blot autoradiographic images (left panel) and hypothalamic protein levels of proteins of the AMPK pathway (right panel) of OVX rats ICV treated with vehicle or E2 (5 nmol). Error bars represent SEM; n = 6 (SNA recordings) or 8–12 animals per experimental group. ^∗, ^∗∗, and ^∗∗∗p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 vs. vehicle ICV.