Table 1. Distribution of Means and Standard Deviations of QOL and Changes in QOL between Ante- and Postnatal Periods ^a.

	Pregnancy	Postpartum	Mean Difference
				95% CI	P value
Physical	62.96 ± 17.2	70.88 ± 15.42	0.91 ± 17.23	6.07, 9.75	< 0.001 b
Psychological	63.59 ± 16.63	64.15 ± 17.15	0.56 ± 15.21	−1.06, 2.19	0.494
Social	66.34 ± 20.54	68.63 ± 18.94	2.28 ± 19.68	0.18, 4.38	0.033c
Environmental	68.81± 14.81	67.92 ± 15.1	−0.88 ± 13.42	−2.31, 0.54	0.226
Q1 d	4.05 ± 0.71	4.03 ± 0.75	−0.01 ± 0.69	−0.09, 0.05	0.642
Q2 e	4.04 ± 0.81	3.93 ± 0.82	−0.1 ± 1	−0.21, 0.001	0.052
Total	66.32 ± 13.7	68.38 ± 13.6	2.05 ± 11.97	0.78, 3.32	0.002f

^a Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval.

^b P < 0.001.

^c P < 0.05.

^d Overall perceived QOL.

^e Overall perceived health.

^f P < 0.01.