Table 1.

Descriptive variables for BMI classifications in both young and old age classifications. The A/G ratio (i.e. android/gynoid dimensional comparison or waist-hip ratio), where it is >1.00, is utilised as an indicator of increased risk of cardiovascular disease (Folsom et al. 2000)

Young (18–49)	Underweight (n = 13)	Normal (n = 13)	Overweight (n = 10)	Obese (n = 18)	BMI effect	Ageing effect
Age (years)	23.0 (6.7)	23.2 (7.9)	23.6 (8.0)	30.9 (10.7)	p = 0.002	p = 0.001
Height (cm)	167.5 (4.7)	164.1 (8.6)	162.8 (7.4)	166.5 (7.6)	p = 0.422	p = 0.002
Body mass (kg)	52.7 (3.9)	58.3 (6.5)	74.6 (8.3)	97.5 (13.1)	p < 0.001	p = 0.683
BMI (kg/m2)	18.8 (0.9)	21.6 (1.1)	28.1 (2.4)	35.2 (4.4)	p < 0.001	p = 0.625
Body fat (%)	26.5 (3.9)	30.4 (3.5)	38.7 (5.9)	45.3 (3.9)	p < 0.001	p = 0.001
Total body fat (kg)	13.7 (2.2)	17.2 (2.7)	28.5 (6.8)	43.2 (7.3)	p < 0.001	p = 0.376
Total lean mass (kg)	35.7 (3.4)	37.2 (4.7)	42.0 (4.3)	49.4 (7.0)	p < 0.001	p = 0.002
Fat mass leg (kg)	3.2 (0.5)	3.8 (0.6)	5.8 (1.8)	7.7 (1.5)	p < 0.001	p = 0.859
A/G ratio	0.70 (0.09)	0.77 (0.12)	0.95 (0.14)	1.06 (0.08)	p < 0.001	p = 0.062
Old (50–78)	Underweight (n = 4)	Normal (n = 15)	Overweight (n = 18)	Obese (n = 11)	BMI effect	Ageing effect
Age (years)	63.8 (5.7)	63.5 (7.7)	68.2 (4.8)	62.5 (9.0)	p = 0.183	p = 0.001
Height (cm)	159.1 (5.3)	159.4 (5.2)	162.1 (3.8)	162.5 (5.7)	p = 0.264	p = 0.002
Body mass (kg)	48.4 (4.2)	56.6 (4.3)	71.6 (4.5)	90.1 (16.4)	p < 0.001	p = 0.683
BMI (kg/m2)	19.1 (0.8)	22.2 (1.0)	27.3 (1.2)	34.1 (5.7)	p < 0.001	p = 0.625
Body fat (%)	26.5 (2.1)	36.0 (3.6)	42.9 (3.3)	46.1 (5.0)	p < 0.001	p = 0.001
Total body fat (kg)	12.5 (2.0)	19.9 (2.9)	29.8 (3.4)	40.9 (11.3)	p < 0.001	p = 0.376
Total lean mass (kg)	32.8 (2.4)	33.3 (2.4)	37.4 (2.4)	44.7 (6.7)	p < 0.001	p = 0.002
Fat mass leg (kg)	2.8 (0.3)	3.8 (0.7)	5.6 (0.1)	6.5 (2.0)	p < 0.001	p = 0.859
A/G ratio	0.66 (0.09)	0.89 (0.16)	0.97 (0.11)	1.10 (0.08)	p < 0.001	p = 0.062

Data are presented as mean ± SD