Table 2.
Contingency analyses of annual spiroplasma infections in Apis mellifera colonies sampled between 2011 and 2013 from the U.S.A. and Brazil
| Spiroplasma spp.1 | Spiroplasma apis | Spiroplasma melliferum | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | P-value2 | P-value2 | P-value2 | |
| U.S.A. (Maryland) | ||||
| 2011 | vs. 2012 | 0.0003 | 0.0005 | 0.0449 |
| vs. 2013 | 0.0002 | <0.0001 | 0.0567 | |
| 2012 | vs. 2013 | 0.2325 | 0.0060 | 0.6693 |
| Brazil (11 states) | ||||
| 2011 | vs. 2012 | 0.3842 | 0.3246 | 0.3246 |
| vs. 2013 | 0.0168 | 0.1619 | 0.0338 | |
| 2012 | vs. 2013 | 0.0002 | 0.0026 | 0.0001 |
| Brazil (SC and SP only) | ||||
| 2011 | vs. 2012 | 0.5084 | 0.4633 | 0.6857 |
| vs. 2013 | 0.0424 | 0.2606 | 0.0465 | |
| 2012 | vs. 2013 | 0.0008 | 0.0094 | 0.0008 |
Brazil data were analyzed across broad (11 states) and narrowed (SC and SP only) geographies, although no significant differences based on geographic variables occurred. SC, Santa Catarina; SP, São Paulo.
1
Infected by S. apis and/or S. melliferum.
2
Significant tests at α < 0.05 in bold font, using two-tailed Fisher's exact test.