Table 3.

Contingency analyses of seasonal spiroplasma infections in Apis mellifera colonies between 2011 and 2013 in the U.S.A. and Brazil

		Spiroplasma spp.1	Spiroplasma apis	Spiroplasma melliferum
Season		P-value2	P-value2	P-value2
U.S.A. (Maryland)
Spring	vs. Winter	0.0154	1.0000	0.0103
	vs. Summer	0.0058	0.5427	0.0036
	vs. Fall	0.0006	0.7019	<0.0001
Winter	vs. Summer	0.7003	0.7385	0.7759
	vs. Fall	0.1519	0.8390	0.0011
Summer	vs. Fall	0.2476	1.0000	0.0042
Brazil (11 states)
Fall	vs. Winter	0.0335	0.0025	0.1932
	vs. Spring	0.2834	0.7887	0.2837
Spring	vs. Winter	0.4813	0.0391	1.0000
Brazil (SC and SP only)
Fall	vs. Winter	<0.0001	0.0022	0.00083
	vs. Spring	0.5322	1.0000	0.5260
Spring	vs. Winter	0.00623	0.0351	0.0902

Broad (11 states) and narrowed (SC and SP only) analyses were performed on Brazil samples to assess geography as a variable. SC, Santa Catarina; SP, São Paulo.

¹Infected by S. apis and/or S. melliferum.

²Significant tests at α < 0.05 in bold font, using two-tailed Fisher's exact test.

³Unique finding when Brazil data were delimited by geography.