. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 5.

Published in final edited form as: Biochem Pharmacol. 2011 Jul 30;82(12):1807–1821. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.093

Table 1.

Molecular targets of EGCG for prevention and therapy of cancer

S. No.	Molecular mechanisms	Molecular targets		References
1.	Induction of cell cycle arrest	↓ cyclin D; ↓ cyclin E; ↓ CDK1; ↓ CDK2; ↓ CDK4; ↓ CDK6; ↓ PCNA; ↑ 16; ↑ p18; ↑ p21; ↑ p27; ↑ pRb; ↑ p53; ↑ mdm2		[23, 51, 54, 64]
2.	Antioxidant (s)	↓ H₂O₂-induced apoptosis; ↑ H₂O₂ production; ↑ ROS; ↑ GSH; ↓ Nrf-2-mediated HO-1 activation		[9, 36, 41-47, 49]
2.	Phase I and II enzyme(s)	↓ CYP1A1 ↓ CYP2E		[60-62]
3.	Induction of apoptosis	↑ ROS; ↑ caspase-3; ↑ caspase-8; ↑ caspase-9; ↑ cytochrome c; ↑ Smac/DIABLO; ↓↑ Bax; Z Bak; ↓ cleaved PPAR; ↓↑ Bcl-2; ↓ Bcl-xL; ↓ Bid; ↓ c-myc; = c-IAP1; ↓ c-IAP2; ↓ Mcl-1; ↓ survivin; ↓ XIAP		[4, 15, 23, 50-54, 57, 59]
4.	Inhibition of proliferation and inflammation	↓ PI3K; ↓↑ AKT; ↓↑ ERK; ↓ p90RSK; ↓ FKHR; ↓ PDGF; ↓ PDGFRb; ↓ EGFR; ↓↑ c-fos; ↓ egr-1; ↓ AP-1; ↓ NF-kB; ↓ IKK; ↓ COX-2; ↑ JNK; ↑ Ras; ↑ MEKK1; ↑ MEK3; ↓↑ p38; ↑ IjB; ↑ AMPK; ↑ PGE2; ↑ TNF-α		[10, 15, 21, 67, 69-71, 77]
5.	Angiogenesis	↓ HIF-1α; ↓ VEGF; ↓ VEGFR1; ↓VEGFR2 ↓ ErbB2; ↓ErbB3 ↑FOXO		[6, 28, 72, 75, 89-91]
6.	Metastasis	↓ MMP-2; ↓ MMP-9; ↓ FAK; proMMP-2; ↓ MRLC; ↓ vimentin; ↓ laminin; ↓ integrina2b1; ↓ uPA; ↓ HuR; ↑ proMMP-7; ↑ TIMP-2; ↑ MT1-MMP		[33, 34, 95-97]
7.	Epigenetic modifier(s)	↓ DNMTs; ↓ HAT ↓ acetylation of H3/H4		[25, 26, 38, 82, 83]
8.	Validate gene target(s)	RARb, MGMT, MLH1, CDKN2A, RECK, TERT, RXRa, CDX2, GSTP1, WIF1		[26, 46, 83]
9.	Proteasomal activity	↓20S/26S proteasome complex		[79, 80]
10.	Inhibition of cancer(s)	In vitro model: Esophageal; oral; prostate; breast; urinary; lung; colon; leukemia; lymphoma	In vivo model: skin, prostrate, colon and uterine cancer; human gastric, pancreatic and oral cancers	[6, 15, 26, 38, 80, 83]