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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2014 Mar 15;48(1):65–74. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.08.020

Table 2.

Pain Outcomes by Acute Healthcare Utilization Event Groups (First Visit, N=137)

Variable (min-max possible score) Group
F Sstatistic P-value
0 Events (n=25)
Mean (SD)
1–3 Events (n=54)
Mean (SD)
4–23 Events (n=58)
Mean (SD)
Composite Pain Index (0–100) 31.9 (13.1) 41.0 (13.4) 43.3 (11.5) 7.38 0.001

Number of pain sites (0–22) 3.4 (2.4) 3.3 (2.1) 4.0 (2.2) 1.41 0.249

Pain Intensity score (0–10)
 Current pain 3.1 (3.3) 3.0 (3.0) 4.8 (3.1) 5.72 0.004
 Least pain in the last 24 hours 2.0 (2.7) 3.2 (2.9) 4.0 (2.7) 4.65 0.011
 Worst pain in the last 24 hours 3.4 (4.0) 4.6 (3.3) 6.7 (3.1) 10.04 <0.001
Average pain intensity (0–10) 2.8 (2.9) 3.6 (2.6) 5.2 (2.5) 8.61 <0.001

Pain Rating Index (PRI)
 PRI-S: Sensory (0–42) 13.9 (6.9) 19.8 (7.6) 19.3 (7.2) 6.10 0.003
 PRI-A: Affective (0–14) 2.8 (2.6) 5.4 (4.0) 5.0 (4.0) 3.98 0.021
 PRI-E: Evaluative (0–5) 3.2 (1.9) 3.8 (1.7) 3.6 (2.0) 0.85 0.430
 PRI-M: Miscellaneous (0–17) 4.1 (4.0) 6.5 (4.9) 6.0 (4.5) 2.34 0.101
 PRI-T: Total (0–78) 24.0 (13.3) 35.4 (15.4) 33.8 (14.6) 5.43 0.005

Pain Descriptive Words
 Number of word groups chosen (0–20) 8.6 (4.3) 11.5 (4.2) 10.7 (4.2) 3.96 0.021
 Number of nociceptive words (0–28) 4.8 (2.5) 7.4 (4.4) 7.0 (3.5) 4.34 0.015
 Number of neuropathic words (0–26) 2.8 (2.7) 4.6 (2.9) 4.8 (3.3) 3.83 0.024

N (%) N (%) N (%)

Pain pattern (3 descriptors per group)
 Constant group 16 (64%) 46 (85%) 51 (88%) 0.037
 Intermittent group 9 (36%) 29 (54%) 26 (45%) 0.322
 Transient group 11 (44%) 26 (48%) 15 (26%) 0.039
Total pain pattern score (0–6) 3.2 (1.6) 4.1 (1.6) 3.6 (1.6) 2.82 0.063

Note. The CPI is now computed as a proportional score that ranges from 0 to 100. In our previous publication, the CPI score was calculated differently (12).