. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 6.

Published in final edited form as: Proc IEEE Int Conf Acoust Speech Signal Process. 2013:2825–2828. doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.2013.6638172

Table 1.

Perceptual cues previously shown to correlate to decreased speech intelligibility and their respective feature set proxies.

Level	Feature set
*Sentence*

Rate, rhythm, and prosody	EMS
Nasality, breathiness, loudness variation	LTAS

*Vowel/ Consonant*

Unnatural pitch/formant contours	Basic speech descriptors
Vowel space reduction	Formant structure statistics
Articulatory Imprecision	Vocal tract statistics
Vocal quality (nasality and breathiness)	Spectral energy distribution

*Phoneme*

Distortions/substitutions	Silence statistics, spectral statistics

Rate and rhythm	Duration