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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 6.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Phys Chem. 2011 Nov 28;63:1–24. doi: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-032511-143731

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Proton-conduction mechanism of the influenza M2 channel. At high pH, the four histidine rings pack in an edge-face stacked fashion, disrupting Grotthuss hopping. Upon multiple protonation, the cationic histidines undergo microsecond ring reorientations that shuttle protons into the virion.