TABLE 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Adolescents With Bipolar I or II Disorder Receiving Pharmacotherapy With Either Family-Focused Treatment or Enhanced Care
| Characteristica | Family-Focused Treatment (N=72) | Enhanced Care (N=73) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | |
| Female | 36 | 50.7 | 43 | 58.1 |
| Nonwhite | 12 | 16.9 | 12 | 16.2 |
| Hispanic | 7 | 9.7 | 5 | 6.8 |
| Lives with both biological parents | 23 | 32.4 | 27 | 37.0 |
| Bipolar I disorder | 40 | 55.6 | 37 | 50.7 |
| Manic/hypomanic | 21 | 29.2 | 16 | 21.0 |
| Depression | 8 | 11.1 | 10 | 13.7 |
| Mixed | 11 | 15.3 | 11 | 15.1 |
| Bipolar II disorder | 32 | 44.4 | 36 | 49.3 |
| Hypomanic | 16 | 22.2 | 19 | 26.0 |
| Depressed | 9 | 12.5 | 10 | 13.7 |
| Subthreshold mixedb | 7 | 9.7 | 7 | 9.6 |
| Current comorbid disordersc | ||||
| Anxiety disorder | 27 | 37.5 | 30 | 41.1 |
| Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | 25 | 34.7 | 23 | 31.5 |
| Oppositional defiant or conduct disorder | 28 | 38.9 | 28 | 38.4 |
| Study site | ||||
| Colorado | 26 | 48.2 | 28 | 51.9 |
| Pittsburgh | 23 | 52.3 | 21 | 47.7 |
| Cincinnati | 23 | 48.9 | 24 | 51.1 |
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 15.5 | 1.4 | 15.7 | 1.5 |
| Socioeconomic status (class 1–5)d | 3.6 | 1.3 | 3.7 | 1.1 |
| Children's Global Assessment Scale score | ||||
| Most severe past episode | 41.2 | 7.7 | 40.8 | 7.7 |
| Highest in previous year | 61.1 | 8.5 | 61.2 | 8.1 |
| Depression Rating Scale scoree | ||||
| Current | 24.2 | 10.7 | 26.8 | 10.8 |
| Most serious lifetime | 30.4 | 10.3 | 32.3 | 9.7 |
| Mania Rating Scale scoree | ||||
| Current | 29.1 | 12.0 | 28.3 | 10.7 |
| Most serious lifetime | 32.0 | 11.4 | 31.9 | 9.9 |
| Weeks of follow-up | 82.1 | 34.7 | 83.1 | 33.6 |
No significant difference on any variable between groups or sites, based on Mantel-Haenszel chi-square and two-way analysis of variance tests.
Adolescents with subthreshold mood episodes had at least 1–2 weeks with Psychiatric Status Rating Scale scores of 3 or 4 for mania or depression in the past 3 months, as assessed with the Adolescent Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation.
Comorbid disorders that were present in less than 10% of participants are not listed.
Higher values indicate higher education and occupation; a value of 3 indicates middle class.
Depression and Mania Rating Scale scores were based on the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children interview at intake into the study, covering the worst 1–2 week period in the previous 3 months.