Number (mean ± SE) of c-Fos immunopositive cells measured in subregions of the medial amygdala following social defeat. Dominants (black bars), subordinates (gray bars), and social experience controls (white bars) were exposed to social defeat, whereas handled controls (hatched bars) were not. In the dMeA (a), there was a main effect of duration of dominance relationship. In the vMeA (b), there was an interaction between duration of dominance relationship and social status. Post-hoc tests revealed significant differences between bracketed bars represented by an asterisk (*, P < 0.05).