. 2014 Feb 19;144(4):447–460. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.180802

TABLE 2.

Characteristics of subgroups differing in age and/or BMI who were administered EO or FO treatment at days 0 and 56¹

	EO				FO
	Total EO (n = 59) time effect, P²	EOI (n = 20)	EOII (n = 20)	EOIII (n = 19)	Total FO (n = 19) time effect, P²	FOI (n = 10)	FOII (n = 9)	EO vs. FO treatment effect, P³
Females/males	31/28	10/10	11/9	10/9	10/9	5/5	5/4
BMI group, kg/m²		18–25	18–25	>25		18–25	18–25
Age group, y		20–35	49–69	49–69		20–35	49–69
Age, y		28 ± 2.9^b	59 ± 5.7^a	61 ± 6.3^a		27 ± 2.5^b	60 ± 4.2^a
Smokers, %		35	15	5		20	22
BMI, kg/m²	0.007				0.17			0.71
Day 0		22.0 ± 2.3^b	23.5 ± 2.4^b	30.1 ± 3.3^a		21.5 ± 2.6^b	24.8 ± 3.1^a
Day 56		22.2 ± 2.2^b	23.6 ± 2.4^b	30.2 ± 3.3^a		21.5 ± 2.5^b	25.0 ± 3.1^a
Body fat, %	0.001				0.19			0.43
Day 0		20.5 ± 5.7^b	25.6 ± 7.7^b	30.6 ± 8.6^a		16.7 ± 6.6^b	28.3 ± 7.0^a
Day 56		21.0 ± 5.8^b*	25.8 ± 7.5^b	30.9 ± 8.5^a		16.9 ± 6.8^b	28.7 ± 7.2^a
Waist circumference, cm	0.06				0.08			0.52
Day 0		80 ± 9.1^b	87 ± 9.2^b	104 ± 6.8^a		77 ± 9.6^b	91 ± 11^a
Day 56		83 ± 7.3^b‡	90 ± 6.6^b*	103 ± 8.1^a		84 ± 6.8^a*	89 ± 9.3^a
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	0.16				0.028			0.51
Day 0		125 ± 10.4^c	135 ± 19.9^b	141 ± 15.6^a		136 ± 13.6^a	136 ± 18.7^a
Day 56		125 ± 12.3^c	131 ± 16.8^b	137 ± 10.3^a		130 ± 10.3^a	130 ± 18.8^a
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	0.021				0.036			0.50
Day 0		82 ± 8.9^c	90 ± 12^b	91 ± 7.9^a		88 ± 7.7^a	88 ± 7.8^a
Day 56		81 ± 8.4^c	86 ± 10^b‡	88 ± 9.1^a		84 ± 7.7^a‡	83 ± 11^a

Values are means ± SDs. *and ^‡indicate differences from day 0 within a subgroup (repeated-measures ANOVA; *P ≤ 0.05, ^‡0.05 < P ≤ 0.10). Within an oil treatment, means within a row without a common superscript letter differ (multivariate ANOVA; P ≤ 0.05). EO, echium oil; EOI, participants aged 20–35 y with BMI = 18–25 kg/m², treated with EO; EOII, participants aged 49–69 y with BMI = 18–25 kg/m², treated with EO; EOIII, participants aged 49–69 y with BMI > 25 kg/m² and markers of metabolic syndrome or with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², treated with EO; FO, fish oil; FOI, participants aged 20–35 y with BMI = 18–25 kg/m², treated with FO; FOII, participants aged 49–69 y with BMI = 18–25 kg/m², treated with FO.

Adjusted mean not shown; P value is for effect over time within an oil treatment of total participants (repeated-measures ANCOVA; sex, age, BMI).

Adjusted mean not shown; P value is for the difference between oil treatments of total participants at day 56 (univariate ANCOVA; sex, age, BMI, baseline value).